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Alexandru Lambrior (January 12, 1845 – September 20, 1883) was a Romanian philologist and folklorist. A native of Fălticeni in Moldavia, he studied at Iași University and, after beginning a career as a teacher, in Paris. He resumed teaching in 1878, but died of tuberculosis five years later. A pioneer of linguistics in his country, he revered the Romanian of the old medieval chronicles, deploring what he saw as the corrosive effects of neologisms. Lambrior compiled a successful anthology of texts covering some three centuries, and his work on early literature existed alongside an interest in folklore, about which he also proposed original theories. ==Biography== Born in Fălticeni, his father was Dimitrachi Lambrior; a poor child who was adopted, Dimitrachi's origins are unknown, and his son would later strive to find them out. His mother Marghiolița was the daughter of a low-ranking ''boyar'': her father Vasile Cumpătă was ''vistiernic'' (treasury official) who owned a large estate in Soci village. By 1848, Dimitrachi had become a ''pitar'' (bread supplier), but he died later that year, and Marghiolița followed in 1850, leaving five-year-old Alexandru and his younger sister orphans; he was subsequently raised by various relatives, first at his grandparents' and then in Flămânzi.〔〔Chițimia, pp. 217–18〕〔Lambrior, p. vi〕 In 1852, he began primary school in Târgu Neamț, continued in his native town and completed in Piatra Neamț in 1860.〔〔Chițimia, p. 218〕 That year, he entered the Iași central gymnasium on a scholarship;〔 he was classmates with George Panu, Calistrat Hogaș and Constantin Dimitrescu-Iași.〔 After graduating from high school, he enrolled in the literature faculty of Iași University. There, immediately after obtaining his degree, he became a substitute professor in the literature department in 1868, and the following year secured a similar position in the history section. He was later named teacher and principal at A. T. Laurian High School in Botoșani, but was arbitrarily dismissed for political reasons after two years.〔 The May 1871 firing, which involved a number of teachers in several cities and was carried out by Education Minister Cristian Tell, prompted all but two of the faculty at Laurian to resign within two days and sparked ample but ultimately futile protests.〔Lambrior, p. ix〕 In 1872, he became a history teacher at the Iași military school. At the beginning of the same year, he joined ''Junimea'' literary society. He delivered several public lectures on various topics, gaining esteem for his intelligence and critical ability. From September 1874 to February 1875, he taught advanced history at the city's National College.〔 With the support of ''Junimea'' leader Titu Maiorescu, he was sent to the University of Paris on a state scholarship early in 1875, together with G. Dem. Teodorescu and Panu,〔 his good friend since high school,〔 who recorded his memories of Lambrior after the latter's death.〔Pavel, pp. 122–23〕 At the Sorbonne, he audited courses taught by Michel Bréal, Gaston Paris and Arsène Darmesteter. In 1876, Lambrior entered the École des Hautes Études, where he was appreciated by his professors. Starting in 1877, he began publishing a few articles on linguistics in ''România'' magazine and was elected a member of the Société de Linguistique de Paris.〔 Already from mid-1876, the National Liberal Education Minister Gheorghe Chițu was threatening to cut off his scholarship, suspecting that Lambrior, who was submitting letters to the rival Conservatives' ''Timpul'', was more interested in politics than in his studies. Pressure mounted when Teodorescu returned with a Sorbonne degree in 1877, but Lambrior explained his own school did not grant such diplomas. Chițu responded that the Romanian government did not recognize the École's certificates, and cut off the scholarship in January 1878.〔Chițimia, p. 222〕 Lambrior returned to Iași that June, taking up his former post at the National College. In order to support his family, he also taught at several private schools. He was close friends with Mihail Eminescu and Ion Creangă, and continued publishing in ''Convorbiri Literare'', the ''Junimea'' organ where he had made his published debut in 1873. In 1879, he began offering an open course on Romanian philology at the university. In 1882, he was named a teacher at the upper normal school; the same year, he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy.〔 Toward the end of 1882, Lambrior became increasingly ill with tuberculosis; he began to miss classes that some of his students held in his stead. In November, Creangă lamented his friend's state, ascribing it to overwork. He clung desperately to life, perturbed by thoughts for his family: in 1869, he had married Maria, the daughter of Huși Major Manolache Cișman, and the couple had three sons aged seven to twelve.〔 He knew what it meant to be an orphan and that they had no means of support. With his friend Grigore Tocilescu, he planned a trip to Italy. In March 1883, he began to feel better; in June, he was at a villa outside Iași, and he spent July and August near Văratec Monastery. Subsequently, he planned a trip to Bucharest to see Tocilescu, but began violently vomiting blood at the Iași railway station. In September, he resumed the idea of going to Italy, where he planned to study the Neapolitan language as part of his research into Romanian. In his final letter, written to Grigore Crețu four days before his death, he wrote about the trip and commented on the latest philological publications.〔Chițimia, pp. 224–25〕 One of his sons became a doctor at Sfântul Spiridon Hospital in Iași, a second worked as a magistrate in Tecuci and the third was a teacher and primary school inspector in Bacău.〔Constantin Cornescu, "Comunicări", p. 281, in ''Arhiva'', issue 4, vol. 32/1925〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexandru Lambrior」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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